Robot Operating System (ROS) is a collection of tools, conventions, and libraries that simplifies the task of creating robust and complex robot behavior across diverse robotic platforms. Thus, it is a flexible framework which enables a user to write robotic software. Problems in the robotic industry are so diverse that no single individual, institution, or laboratory can hope to solve these problems on their own. Hence, ROS has been built to encourage collaborative robotics software development. For instance, one laboratory might have experts on mapping indoor environments, while another laboratory might have experts in using these maps for navigation. Groups like these can use ROS to collaborate and build on each other’s work. This chapter introduces the concept, and various components of ROS.
Robots are the machines which automate the tasks that are usually carried out by humans. Initially, there were very few robots that were introduced into the manufacturing sector for performing some of the repetitive manufacturing operations. Gradually, other industries realized its potential across various applications that help the humans to save time and energy. In the mid of 20th century, there was a rapid surge in the demand of production and the industrial revolution was at its peak. Lack of labor forced industries to employ machines to perform tedious and repetitive jobs which could be performed with present instructions and negligible human interactions. The requirement of such machines led to the invention and popularization of numerically controlled devices.
The integrated circuits were developed and popularized around 1958, which led to a substantial reduction in the size of electronic devices. With the help of electronic circuitry, the first phase of industrial robots was created. These robots were simple in architecture and could only perform limited operations such as pick and drop, later on, the programmers successfully executed complex programming and robots with advanced capabilities were created. These robots could perform tasks, such as welding, assembly, grinding, and deburring. However, the emergence of artificial intelligence into robots has revolutionized the robotics industry. Robots are now able to work along with human beings and have decision making capabilities. In addition, a massive benefits of robots have paved way for their entrance in various industries including banking, healthcare, retail and restaurants, among others. These types of robots come under the category of service robots.
ROS acts as a middleware in robotics helping in the development of robotic application with the help of software libraries and tools present in itself. It helps in simplifying the task of creating robust and complex robot behavior across diverse robotic platforms. It is a flexible framework that allows the developer to develop robotic applications. ROS-enabled robots have opened up a new dimension of automation across multiple industries. Most importantly, the technology is gaining traction among established as well as new players because of the platform being open source. ROS-enabled robots share workspace with humans, augmenting their capabilities and capacities. The technology proves to be a boon to the small and medium enterprises as it helps them to scale up easily with less man power.
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Automated machines are complex systems with a high level of interdependencies among various components. This complexity sets the demand for a software framework such as ROS which is a middleware and helps the robot to carry out its intended function. Modern manufacturing and material flows are being handled automatically, to free human beings of dirty, dull, or dangerous (3Ds) jobs. Introducing automation also reduces variability in a product and robots with ROS can cut manufacturing costs by installing cost-effective machines that are automated.
The strategies employed to gain a significant market share in this growing industry have been varying from product launches to acquisitions to partnerships. This segment provides comprehensive insights regarding the different market development activities that the key players in the industry are adopting in order to compete directly with each other. In order to lead the market as well as engage in the process of the overall market growth, a company needs to introduce new products and services to the market, improve the existing products’ framework, work in collaboration with the top market leaders, or acquire relatively weaker companies into its domain.
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