The autonomous drone wireless charging and infrastructure market is expected to witness a significant growth in the forecast period 2019-2024, primarily due to the low battery efficiency for drones being used in the commercial sector. The scope of study majorly focuses on the wireless drone charging system in which drones can recharge battery automatically. The drones are majorly used for several commercial applications and military operations in which they have to travel large distances with heavy payload. This results in frequent drain out of drone batteries, which need to be recharged for providing the uninterrupted services. This can be achieved with the help of autonomous drone wireless charging pads that are placed in the specified route of the drone for recharging their battery.
Wireless charging as a concept was first introduced more than 130 years ago. Moreover, the wireless power transmission concept was first developed by Nikola Tesla, a Serbian-American engineer and physicist, between 1888 and 1906. In the 19th century, Tesla devised a system to demonstrate wireless power transmission. Further, most of the wireless power transmission technologies have been based on Michael Faraday theory of electromagnetic induction. According to this theory, any change in the magnetic field of a coil of wire result in an electromotive force to be induced in the coil. In wireless power transmission, one coil which is connected with power supply produces varying magnetic flux. The magnetic field resulting in one coil produces current in another coil placed nearby. Prior to several technological advancements, wireless charging technology is presently gaining widespread prominence among consumer electronic goods such as smartphones, electric toothbrush, wearable devices, and kitchen appliances.
The concept of wireless charging is to eliminate the use of wire and plug-in procedure for charging a device. This concept is quite beneficial in the drone industry to promote the level of autonomy in the drones. In this concept, the drones, which have a built-in receiver, automatically land on a wireless charging pad that acts as transmitter. Due to electromagnetic induction, the charging of drone can start automatically without the requirement of manual intervention. This concept is quite beneficial for beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations, when the drone is far away from the ground station and operator. The wireless charging pad can be placed in between the flight routes of drones where drones can recharge its battery to continue its flight operations.
In visual line of sight (VLOS), the operating range for drones is less than 1 km, while the drones goes beyond the 1 km-range, it enters into the BVLOS range. For operating drones in the BVLOS range, there are various restrictions imposed by the aviation department in various countries. Each country has its own set of rules for drone operations. For instance, Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) is the regulatory body for American Civil Aviation. The authority creates regulations for the use of drones in commercial applications.
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For operating drones in BVLOS for commercial applications, there are certain technological challenges, which can be faced by an operator. Low battery power backup acts as major primary challenge in BVLOS operations. It becomes impossible for an operator to replace or recharge the batteries, if the drone is far from the operator.
Drones operating in BVLOS range have to travel long distances, due to which they require adequate electrical power supply. In drones, the electrical power is provided by rechargeable battery installed in the drones. It becomes difficult for drones to carry a large number of extra batteries during operations, as it increases the weight of the drone. Furthermore, due to the distinct remoteness between a flying drone and the ground station, there arises a need for a solution that can enable an autonomous drone to automatically recharge its battery. It can be achieved with the development of intermediary landing platforms in which the autonomous drone’s battery can be charged. Developing intermediary landing platforms enable the drones to take long flights. At this intermediary platform, an advanced wireless charging system is used due to its low maintenance and higher safety. In this system, multiple power transmitter systems that make use of resonance inductive coupling-based wireless power transmission technique are used.
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