Since 2014, NASA, along with UAS community partners, industry leaders, various governments, and academia are actively developing and testing the unmanned traffic management research platform. Many successful tests and demonstrations for communication prototypes, beyond visual line of sight (BVLOS) operations, mission planning, and longer range application only goes on to prove that in the near future, a commercialized market for unmanned traffic management is gradually emerging. This growing need for the UTM services has also resulted in development of regulatory framework for the deployment drones around the world. This regulatory framework is expected to include operational limits, key responsibilities of the stakeholders, aircraft requirements, etc. Government and regulatory authorities have made some exemptions in 2018 with regard to the operation of commercial UAVs that has been a driving factor in the UAV market growth. The U.S.-based Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and Germany-based European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) are two prominent regulatory authorities that are actively working towards creating more opportunities for the commercial drone business.
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Flight technology has changed the contours around the domain of aviation. Aviation is one of the most key innovations of mankind that has brought forth various kinds of modern technologies- from propulsion systems to artificial intelligence and modern communications- which have opened numerous windows of opportunities. The first unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) was developed in the third decade of 20th century which was primarily used for military application. Ever since then, UAVs have evolved to a large extent in the technological sphere. In the past decade, UAVs have undergone significant developments such as considerable reduction in weight, size, and cost, enhanced battery life, and increased degree of autonomy in its operation. These developments have led to a wide scale of adoption for diverse range of applications across commercial and non-commercial end users.
Passenger and delivery drones, and other unmanned vehicles have the potential to effectively address today’s issue of traffic congestion, along with attempting to improve transportation facilities and logistics, and to create new and efficient products along with their services. Since there has been an increase in the number of drones and other aircrafts, it will be a challenge to manage and maintain such an increasingly diverse airspace. Although it is anticipated that the number of drones are gradually going to increase, it will be prime responsibility to efficiently integrate aircrafts while maintaining safety and security of the end users.
As the unmanned drones are rapidly on a rise, it is evident that there is an impending need for management services to control and manage these drones. The overall concept was devised by NASA in 2013 for integration of drones in low-altitude airspace. Based on this concept, NASA along with FAA, has worked out since then by refining overall capability of the system to become functional. NASA envisions two types of unmanned traffic management (UTM) systems: portable systems and persistent systems. Portable systems will have the ability to move in majority of geographical areas and support operations such as precision agriculture and disaster relief, while persistent UTM systems would mainly support low-altitude operations and provide continuous coverage to a particular geographical area. Since 2016, NASA is leading most of research and development initiatives in the UTM arena and has been involved in testing its UTM platform with various industry partners under its testing capability level (TCL) program. Similar degree of research is taking place in Europe to develop and design unmanned traffic management system. The drone market in Europe envisions drone services for 3D mapping, infrastructure, geo-fencing and delivery of good in the coming futures. Since 2016, U-space in Europe is gradually developing a new set of services which to support safe and efficient secure applications of drones in airspace. There is a fixed time frame according to which these services are expected to be launched in Europe. In addition to this, other countries such as China, Singapore, Japan and Australia are also making considerable efforts to develop their respective unmanned traffic management system.
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The UTM system is an upcoming phenomenon that is envisioned to skillfully manage drone traffic in the lower level of the airspace. The system is primarily being developed for small-sized drones (i.e. drones with weight up to 55lb) that will fly 400 ft. above the ground level. UTM system is envisaged to be a system of several subsystems which will work together to provide an end-to-end service. The UTM system will be connected to different data providers to accumulate the real-time information of weather, airspace traffic, drone registration, and credentials of drone operators, among others.
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