The evolution of science and technology in the telecommunication sector has led to the deployment of 5G infrastructure in the market. Considered as an update to its preceding 4G infrastructure, 5G is bound to reach new heights with its increased network capacity, higher bandwidth, and high speed, among others. The incorporation of small cells or the installation of macro cell sites forms the base for the transmission of millimeter waves in the environment. The use of distributed antenna systems (DAS) ensures that the signal is transmitted in wide areas with low power and higher reliability. All these components, along with the radio access network (RAN), can ensure the full deployment of the 5G system in the industry.
The role of traditional hardware becomes limited when it comes to storage and computing needs in data centers, corporate offices, and campus environments, among others. The use of software-defined networking (SDN) and network function virtualization (NFV) provides a dynamic and flexible approach in situations where there are fluctuations in data usage and traffic patterns. Additionally, the current situation demands networks to be flexible so that a great number of devices can be accommodated but, at the same time, be secure enough to protect data and assets, and meet the standard regulations. The use of software, such as SDN and NFV, ensures such conditions are fulfilled and meets the user’s requirement.
Since traditional hardware networking techniques are static and inflexible, they are not useful for new business ventures. As such, the use of software such as SDN makes the network programmable during the time of deployment as well as in the later stages, thereby helping the business ventures with virtualization, flexibility, and agility, among others. The traditional networking requires the functions to be implemented in the appliances such as switches and routers, where most of the functionality is performed in dedicated hardware. Therefore, it becomes time-consuming for an IT administrator to add or remove a single device. However, in SDN, no such problem arises due to the separation of control plane and data plane because a separate SDN controller is used, which makes network virtualization possible.
The use of SDN helps in the integration of multivendor and multiple technologies from the end-to-end transport view. Additionally, SDN and NFV also help in facilitating the network slicing technique used in 5G infrastructure. Since 5G requires networks to be flexible, it is possible to launch new services without any redesign of servers, cables, or other networks. The flexible networks can be further used for adapting changing traffic patterns. They find their applications in V2X communications as well, which require 5G networks, i.e., a network having low latency and high reliability. Other than these, they find applications in multi-access edge computing and RAN cloudification, which form an integral part of 5G infrastructure.
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Certain network partners, such as Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd., Intel Corporation, and Nokia Corporation, among others, rely on software-based technologies for providing 5G infrastructure. In December 2018, the 5TONIC laboratory in Madrid was given responsibility for testing the EU-backed 5G-TRANSFORMER project. The aim of the project was to use SDN, NFV, and mobile edge computing (MEC) for enabling technological frameworks for network slicing. In June 2018, VMware Inc. launched NFV platform vCloud NFV-OpenStack Edition 3.0 for communications service providers, which is expected to help in improving network performance and providing better intent-based service assurance.
With the global increase in the number of internet users, factors such as ongoing advancements to connect process industry with industry 4.0 to enable efficient and fast production and rising requirement of a network service which can provide increased capacity, improved throughput, and improved quality of service, has led the mobile industry to develop a network which is expected to provide better services than the existing network. The introduction of 5G, the next generation of mobile technology, is expected to create a fully connected and networked society, which can enhance not only mobile broadband but also introduce new modes of communication with high reliability and service guarantee.
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